ABSTRACT: Significant advances in
our understanding of the biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been
achieved in recent years. These insights have led to the introduction of novel
targeted therapies, revolutionising the management of patients with advanced
disease. Nevertheless, there are still no biomarkers in routine clinical use in
RCC. Tools used routinely to determine prognosis have not changed over the past
decade; classification remains largely morphology based; and patients continue
to be exposed to potentially toxic therapy with no indication of the likelihood
of response. Thus the need for biomarkers in RCC is urgent. Here, we focus on
recent advances in our understanding of the genetics and epigenetics of RCC,
and the potential for such knowledge to provide novel markers and therapeutic
targets. We highlight on-going research that is likely to deliver further
candidate markers as well as generating large, well-annotated sample banks that
will facilitate future studies. It is imperative that promising candidates are
validated using these resources, and in subsequent prospective clinical trials,
so that future biomarkers may be used in the clinic to personalise patient
care.
Source: Renal
cancer biomarkers: the promise of personalised care. Vasudev NS
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