Despite
recent advances, metastatic renal cell carcinoma remains largely an incurable
disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin
inhibitors have provided improvements in clinical outcomes. High-dose
interleukin 2 remains an option for highly selected patients and is associated
with durable remissions in a small minority of patients. The toxicity profiles
of specific agents and patient characteristics and comorbidities and costs have
an important role in the current choice of therapy. Major challenges
encountered in developing molecular biomarkers to guide therapy are tumour
heterogeneity and standardisation of tissue collection and analysis. Although
biomarkers are in their infancy of development, they should be a priority in
early preclinical and clinical development in order to guide rational tailored
development of emerging agents.
Source: Biomarkers: the next
therapeutic hurdle in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Sonpavde G, Choueiri TK
(Toni_Choueiri@dfci.harvard.edu).
Br J Cancer. 2012 Sep 4.
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