The immunotherapy of cancer has made
significant strides in the past few years due to improved understanding of the
underlying principles of tumor biology and immunology. These principles have
been critical in the development of immunotherapy in the laboratory and in the
implementation of immunotherapy in the clinic. This improved understanding of
immunotherapy, enhanced by increased insights into the mechanism of tumor
immune response and its evasion by tumors, now permits manipulation of this interaction
and elucidates the therapeutic role of immunity in cancer. Also important, this
improved understanding of immunotherapy and the mechanisms underlying immunity
in cancer has fueled an expanding array of new therapeutic agents for a variety
of cancers. Pegylated interferon-a2b as an adjuvant therapy and ipilimumab as
therapy for advanced disease, both of which were approved by the United States
Food and Drug Administration for melanoma in March 2011, are 2 prime examples
of how an increased understanding of the principles of tumor biology and
immunology have been translated successfully from the laboratory to the
clinical setting. Principles that guide the development and application of
immunotherapy include antibodies, cytokines, vaccines, and cellular therapies.
The identification and further elucidation of the role of immunotherapy in
different tumor types, and the development of strategies for combining
immunotherapy with cytotoxic and molecularly targeted agents for future
multimodal therapy for cancer will enable even greater progress and ultimately
lead to improved outcomes for patients receiving cancer immunotherapy.
Source: Immunotherapy of cancer in
2012. John M. Kirkwood (kirkwoodjm@upmc.edu),
Lisa H. Butterfield, Ahmad A. Tarhini, Hassane Zarour, Pawel Kalinski, Soldano
Ferrone. CA Cancer Journal
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