The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family
of enzymes plays a critical role in the maintenance of DNA integrity as part of
the base excision pathway of DNA repair. PARP1 is overexpressed in a variety of
cancers, and its expression has been associated with overall prognosis in
cancer, especially breast cancer. A series of new therapeutic agents that are
potent inhibitors of the PARP1 and PARP2 isoforms have demonstrated important
clinical activity in patients with breast or ovarian cancers that are caused by
mutations in either the BRCA1 or 2 genes. Results from such studies may define
a new therapeutic paradigm, wherein simultaneous loss of the capacity to repair
DNA damage may have antitumor activity in itself, as well as enhance the
antineoplastic potential of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents.
Source: Advances in using PARP inhibitors to treat
cancer. Kummar S, Chen A, Parchment RE, Kinders RJ, Ji J, Tomaszewski JE,
Doroshow JH. BMC Med. 2012 Mar 9;10:25.
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