ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: Brain
metastasis is an increasingly common complication for breast cancer patients;
approximately 15-- 30% of breast cancer patients develop brain metastasis.
However, relatively little is known about how these metastases form, and what
phenotypes are characteristic of cells with brain metastasizing potential. In
this study, we show that the targeted knockdown of MMP-1 in breast cancer cells with
enhanced brain metastatic ability not only reduced primary tumor growth, but
also significantly inhibited brain metastasis.
METHODS:
Two variants of the
MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line selected for enhanced ability to form
brain metastases in nude mice (231-BR and 231-BR3 cells) were found to express
high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Short hairpin RNA-mediated
stable knockdown of MMP-1 in
231-BR and 231-BR3 cells were established to analyze tumorigenic ability and
metastatic ability.
RESULTS:
Short hairpin
RNA-mediated stable knockdown of MMP-1 inhibited the invasive ability of MDA-MB
231 variant cells in vitro, and inhibited breast cancer growth when the cells
were injected into the mammary fat pad of nude mice. Reduction of MMP-1
expression significantly attenuated brain metastasis and lung metastasis
formation following injection of cells into the left ventricle of the heart and
tail vein, respectively. There were significantly fewer proliferating cells in
brain metastases of cells with reduced MMP-1 expression. Furthermore, reduced
MMP-1 expression was associated with decreased TGFalpha release and
phospho-EGFR expression in 231-BR and BR3 cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results show that
elevated expression of MMP-1 can promote the local growth and the formation of
brain metastases by breast cancer cells.
The role of
chemoprevention by selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in colorectal cancer
patients - a population-based study
Source: The
role of MMP-1 in
breast cancer growth and metastasis to the brain in a xenograft model. Liu H (hliu5@mdanderson.org), Kato Y, Erzinger
SA, Kiriakova GM, Qian Y, Palmieri D, Steeg PS, Price JE. BMC Cancer. 2012 Dec
7;12(1):583.
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