mardi 30 avril 2013

Anticancer molecules (107) – Molécules anticancéreuses (107) - Ziv-AFLIBERCEPT





ZIV-AFLIBERCEPT


Name: Ziv-Aflibercept
Commercial name: Zaltrap
Pharmacological class: fusion protein
Therapeutic class: antineoplastic
Action: ziv-aflibercept (previously known as aflibercept) is a recombinant fusion protein that consists of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-binding portions from the extracellular domains of human VEGF receptors 1 and 2 fused to the Fc portion of the human IgG1 immunoglobulin. Ziv-aflibercept acts as a soluble receptor that binds to VEGF-A, to VEGF-B, and to PlGF. By binding to these endogenous ligands, ziv-aflibercept can inhibit the binding and activation of their cognate receptors. This inhibition can result in decreased neovascularization and decreased vascular permeability.

In 2012, ziv-aflibercept is approved:

for use in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) that is resistant to or has progressed following treatment with an oxaliplatincontaining regimen.


***


Nom: Ziv-Aflibercept
Nom commercial: Zaltrap
Classe pharmacologique: protéine de fusion
Classe thérapeutique: antinéoplasiques
Action: ziv-aflibercept (précédemment connu sous le nom d’aflibercept) est une protéine de fusion recombinante qui se compose des portions liant le VEGF des domaines extracellulaires des récepteurs du VEGF humains 1 et 2 fusionnés à la portion Fc de l'immunoglobuline IgG1 humaine. Ziv-aflibercept agit comme un récepteur soluble qui se lie au VEGF-A, VEGF-B, et au PlGF. En se liant à ces ligands endogènes, le ziv-aflibercept peut inhiber la liaison et l'activation de leurs récepteurs. Cette inhibition peut entraîner une néovascularisation et une perméabilité vasculaire décrues.
.
En 2012, le ziv-aflibercept est approuvé:

pour une utilisation en combinaison avec le 5-fluorouracile, la leucovorine et  l'irinotécan (combinaison « FOLFIRI ») pour le traitement des patients atteints de cancer colorectal métastatique résistant ou ayant évolué après un traitement contenant de l'oxaliplatine.


lundi 29 avril 2013

Focus: Public health implications from COGS and potential for risk stratification and screening




Source: Public health implications from COGS and potential for risk stratification and screening. Burton H, Chowdhury S, Dent T, Hall A, Pashayan N, Pharoah P. Nat Genet. 2013 Apr;45(4):349-51.
Free paper available at:


vendredi 26 avril 2013

Press Review (April 27, 2013) – Revue de presse (27 avril 2013)





Cancer Physicians Attack High Drug Costs
With the cost of some lifesaving cancer drugs exceeding $100,000 a year, more than 100 influential cancer specialists from around the world have taken the unusual step of banding together in hopes of persuading some leading pharmaceutical companies to bring prices down.
By Andrew Pollack. In The New York Times    

Skin Cancer Linked to Higher Risk of Other Cancers
There’s another reason for those at risk of skin cancer to stay vigilant about protecting their health. Men and women with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer are at a higher risk of developing breast and lung cancers in addition to melanoma, compared to people without a skin cancer history
By Alexandra Sifferlin. In TIME

Cancer survival rates improve but most people remain financially exposed
Medical advance means more people diagnosed with cancer are surviving for longer, according to new figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), but relatively few people have any financial protection in place against the risk of living with reduced earning power.
By Ian Cowie. In Telegraph.co.uk (blog)           

Chernobyl Follow-Up Study Finds High Survival Rate Among Young Thyroid Cancer Patients
More than a quarter of a century after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, many children and teenagers who developed thyroid cancer due to radiation are in complete or near remission, according to a recent study accepted for publication in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM).
In Science Daily (press release)                       

Adrenalectomy for Metastases Benefits Renal-Cancer Patients
Surgical removal of adrenal metastases can offer long-term survival to selected cancer patients — most notably those with renal-cell carcinoma — the results of a large multicenter study indicate.
By Miriam E. Tucker. In Medscape                   


Les centres d'essais cliniques précoces contre le cancer
Comme tous les médicaments, les traitements contre le cancer doivent être évalués avoir de recevoir leur autorisation de mise sur le marché. Mais très souvent le temps presse pour les patients qui souhaitent bénéficier des techniques les plus avancées. C'est ainsi que sont nés les centres d'essais cliniques précoces.
Dans France Info

Traitements ciblés contre le cancer: l'eldorado risqué des grands labos
Proposer à des millions de patients des "traitements ciblés" en fonction de mutations génétiques retrouvées dans leur cancer, est devenu l'axe essentiel de la recherche pour les grands laboratoires, pari qui n'est pas sans risque vu le temps et les sommes colossales investis.
Par Olivier Thibault. Sur TV5

jeudi 25 avril 2013

Focus: Large-scale genotyping identifies 41 new loci associated with breast cancer risk




Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Common variants at 27 loci have been identified as associated with susceptibility to breast cancer, and these account for 9% of the familial risk of the disease. We report here a meta-analysis of 9 genome-wide association studies, including 10,052 breast cancer cases and 12,575 controls of European ancestry, from which we selected 29,807 SNPs for further genotyping. These SNPs were genotyped in 45,290 cases and 41,880 controls of European ancestry from 41 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). The SNPs were genotyped as part of a collaborative genotyping experiment involving four consortia (Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study, COGS) and used a custom Illumina iSelect genotyping array, iCOGS, comprising more than 200,000 SNPs. We identified SNPs at 41 new breast cancer susceptibility loci at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Further analyses suggest that more than 1,000 additional loci are involved in breast cancer susceptibility.

Source: Large-scale genotyping identifies 41 new loci associated with breast cancer risk. Michailidou K, Hall P, Gonzalez-Neira A, Ghoussaini M, Dennis J, Milne RL, Schmidt MK, Chang-Claude J, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dicks E, Lee A, Turnbull C, Rahman N; Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Collaboration, Fletcher O, Peto J, Gibson L, Dos Santos Silva I, Nevanlinna H, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Czene K, Irwanto A, Liu J, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer H, Adank M; Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON), van der Luijt RB, Hein R, Dahmen N, Beckman L, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Müller-Myhsok B, Lichtner P, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Hunter DJ, Chanock SJ, Vincent D, Bacot F, Tessier DC, Canisius S, Wessels LF, Haiman CA, Shah M, Luben R, Brown J, Luccarini C, Schoof N, Humphreys K, Li J, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Couch FJ, Wang X, Vachon C, Stevens KN, Lambrechts D, Moisse M, Paridaens R, Christiaens MR, Rudolph A, Nickels S, Flesch-Janys D, Johnson N, Aitken Z, Aaltonen K, Heikkinen T, Broeks A, Veer LJ, van der Schoot CE, Guénel P, Truong T, Laurent-Puig P, Menegaux F, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Burwinkel B, Zamora MP, Perez JI, Pita G, Alonso MR, Cox A, Brock IW, Cross SS, Reed MW, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM; kConFab Investigators; stralian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, van den Ouweland AM, Jager A, Bui QM, Stone J, Dite GS, Apicella C, Tsimiklis H, Giles GG, Severi G, Baglietto L, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Brenner H, Müller H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Swerdlow A, Ashworth A, Orr N, Jones M, Figueroa J, Lissowska J, Brinton L, Goldberg MS, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Brauch H, Hamann U, Brüning T; GENICA (Gene Environment Interaction and Breast Cancer in Germany) Network, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Bonanni B, Devilee P, Tollenaar RA, Seynaeve C, van Asperen CJ, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska K, Durda K, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Dörk T, Kristensen VN, Anton-Culver H, Slager S, Toland AE, Edge S, Fostira F, Kang D, Yoo KY, Noh DY, Matsuo K, Ito H, Iwata H, Sueta A, Wu AH, Tseng CC, Van Den Berg D, Stram DO, Shu XO, Lu W, Gao YT, Cai H, Teo SH, Yip CH, Phuah SY, Cornes BK, Hartman M, Miao H, Lim WY, Sng JH, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Shen CY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Ding SL, Sangrajrang S, Gaborieau V, Brennan P, McKay J, Blot WJ, Signorello LB, Cai Q, Zheng W, Deming-Halverson S, Shrubsole M, Long J, Simard J, Garcia-Closas M, Pharoah PD, Chenevix-Trench G, Dunning AM, Benitez J, Easton DF. Nat Genet. 2013 Apr;45(4):353-61.
Free paper available at:



mercredi 24 avril 2013

Focus: Genome-wide association studies identify four ER negative-specific breast cancer risk loci




Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors represent 20-30% of all breast cancers, with a higher proportion occurring in younger women and women of African ancestry. The etiology and clinical behavior of ER-negative tumors are different from those of tumors expressing ER (ER positive), including differences in genetic predisposition. To identify susceptibility loci specific to ER-negative disease, we combined in a meta-analysis 3 genome-wide association studies of 4,193 ER-negative breast cancer cases and 35,194 controls with a series of 40 follow-up studies (6,514 cases and 41,455 controls), genotyped using a custom Illumina array, iCOGS, developed by the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study (COGS). SNPs at four loci, 1q32.1 (MDM4, P = 2.1 × 10(-12) and LGR6, P = 1.4 × 10(-8)), 2p24.1 (P = 4.6 × 10(-8)) and 16q12.2 (FTO, P = 4.0 × 10(-8)), were associated with ER-negative but not ER-positive breast cancer (P > 0.05). These findings provide further evidence for distinct etiological pathways associated with invasive ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers.

Source: Genome-wide association studies identify four ER negative-specific breast cancer risk loci. Garcia-Closas M, Couch FJ, Lindstrom S, Michailidou K, Schmidt MK, Brook MN, Orr N, Rhie SK, Riboli E, Feigelson HS, Le Marchand L, Buring JE, Eccles D, Miron P, Fasching PA, Brauch H, Chang-Claude J, Carpenter J, Godwin AK, Nevanlinna H, Giles GG, Cox A, Hopper JL, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Dicks E, Howat WJ, Schoof N, Bojesen SE, Lambrechts D, Broeks A, Andrulis IL, Guénel P, Burwinkel B, Sawyer EJ, Hollestelle A, Fletcher O, Winqvist R, Brenner H, Mannermaa A, Hamann U, Meindl A, Lindblom A, Zheng W, Devillee P, Goldberg MS, Lubinski J, Kristensen V, Swerdlow A, Anton-Culver H, Dörk T, Muir K, Matsuo K, Wu AH, Radice P, Teo SH, Shu XO, Blot W, Kang D, Hartman M, Sangrajrang S, Shen CY, Southey MC, Park DJ, Hammet F, Stone J, Veer LJ, Rutgers EJ, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Peto J, Schrauder MG, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Dos Santos Silva I, Johnson N, Warren H, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Truong T, Laurent-Puig P, Kerbrat P, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Milne RL, Perez JI, Menéndez P, Müller H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Lichtner P, Lochmann M, Justenhoven C, Ko YD; Gene ENvironmental Interaction and breast CAncer (GENICA) Network, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Greco D, Heikkinen T, Ito H, Iwata H, Yatabe Y, Antonenkova NN, Margolin S, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Balleine R; kConFab Investigators, Tseng CC, Berg DV, Stram DO, Neven P, Dieudonné AS, Leunen K, Rudolph A, Nickels S, Flesch-Janys D, Peterlongo P, Peissel B, Bernard L, Olson JE, Wang X, Stevens K, Severi G, Baglietto L, McLean C, Coetzee GA, Feng Y, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Bogdanova NV, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Yip CH, Taib NA, Cheng CY, Shrubsole M, Long J, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kauppila S, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Tollenaar RA, Seynaeve CM, Kriege M, Hooning MJ, van den Ouweland AM, van Deurzen CH, Lu W, Gao YT, Cai H, Balasubramanian SP, Cross SS, Reed MW, Signorello L, Cai Q, Shah M, Miao H, Chan CW, Chia KS, Jakubowska A, Jaworska K, Durda K, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Yu JC, Ashworth A, Jones M, Tessier DC, González-Neira A, Pita G, Alonso MR, Vincent D, Bacot F, Ambrosone CB, Bandera EV, John EM, Chen GK, Hu JJ, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Bernstein L, Press MF, Ziegler RG, Millikan RM, Deming-Halverson SL, Nyante S, Ingles SA, Waisfisz Q, Tsimiklis H, Makalic E, Schmidt D, Bui M, Gibson L, Müller-Myhsok B, Schmutzler RK, Hein R, Dahmen N, Beckmann L, Aaltonen K, Czene K, Irwanto A, Liu J, Turnbull C; Familial Breast Cancer Study (FBCS), Rahman N, Meijers-Heijboer H, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F; stralian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank (ABCTB) Investigators, Olswold C, Slager S, Pilarski R, Ademuyiwa F, Konstantopoulou I, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Slamon DJ, Rauh C, Lux MP, Jud SM, Bruning T, Weaver J, Sharma P, Pathak H, Tapper W, Gerty S, Durcan L, Trichopoulos D, Tumino R, Peeters PH, Kaaks R, Campa D, Canzian F, Weiderpass E, Johansson M, Khaw KT, Travis R, Clavel-Chapelon F, Kolonel LN, Chen C, Beck A, Hankinson SE, Berg CD, Hoover RN, Lissowska J, Figueroa JD, Chasman DI, Gaudet MM, Diver WR, Willett WC, Hunter DJ, Simard J, Benitez J, Dunning AM, Sherman ME, Chenevix-Trench G, Chanock SJ, Hall P, Pharoah PD, Vachon C, Easton DF, Haiman CA, Kraft P. Nat Genet. 2013 Apr;45(4):392-8.
Free paper available at:          


mardi 23 avril 2013

Focus: Source: GWAS meta-analysis and replication identifies three new susceptibility loci for ovarian cancer




Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified four susceptibility loci for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), with another two suggestive loci reaching near genome-wide significance. We pooled data from a GWAS conducted in North America with another GWAS from the UK. We selected the top 24,551 SNPs for inclusion on the iCOGS custom genotyping array. We performed follow-up genotyping in 18,174 individuals with EOC (cases) and 26,134 controls from 43 studies from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. We validated the two loci at 3q25 and 17q21 that were previously found to have associations close to genome-wide significance and identified three loci newly associated with risk: two loci associated with all EOC subtypes at 8q21 (rs11782652, P = 5.5 × 10(-9)) and 10p12 (rs1243180, P = 1.8 × 10(-8)) and another locus specific to the serous subtype at 17q12 (rs757210, P = 8.1 × 10(-10)). An integrated molecular analysis of genes and regulatory regions at these loci provided evidence for functional mechanisms underlying susceptibility and implicated CHMP4C in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.

Source: GWAS meta-analysis and replication identifies three new susceptibility loci for ovarian cancer. Pharoah PD, Tsai YY, Ramus SJ, Phelan CM, Goode EL, Lawrenson K, Buckley M, Fridley BL, Tyrer JP, Shen H, Weber R, Karevan R, Larson MC, Song H, Tessier DC, Bacot F, Vincent D, Cunningham JM, Dennis J, Dicks E; stralian Cancer Study; stralian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Aben KK, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova N, Armasu SM, Baglietto L, Bandera EV, Beckmann MW, Birrer MJ, Bloom G, Bogdanova N, Brenton JD, Brinton LA, Brooks-Wilson A, Brown R, Butzow R, Campbell I, Carney ME, Carvalho RS, Chang-Claude J, Chen YA, Chen Z, Chow WH, Cicek MS, Coetzee G, Cook LS, Cramer DW, Cybulski C, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Despierre E, Doherty JA, Dörk T, du Bois A, Dürst M, Eccles D, Edwards R, Ekici AB, Fasching PA, Fenstermacher D, Flanagan J, Gao YT, Garcia-Closas M, Gentry-Maharaj A, Giles G, Gjyshi A, Gore M, Gronwald J, Guo Q, Halle MK, Harter P, Hein A, Heitz F, Hillemanns P, Hoatlin M, Høgdall E, Høgdall CK, Hosono S, Jakubowska A, Jensen A, Kalli KR, Karlan BY, Kelemen LE, Kiemeney LA, Kjaer SK, Konecny GE, Krakstad C, Kupryjanczyk J, Lambrechts D, Lambrechts S, Le ND, Lee N, Lee J, Leminen A, Lim BK, Lissowska J, Lubiński J, Lundvall L, Lurie G, Massuger LF, Matsuo K, McGuire V, McLaughlin JR, Menon U, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Nakanishi T, Narod SA, Ness RB, Nevanlinna H, Nickels S, Noushmehr H, Odunsi K, Olson S, Orlow I, Paul J, Pejovic T, Pelttari LM, Permuth-Wey J, Pike MC, Poole EM, Qu X, Risch HA, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Rossing MA, Rudolph A, Runnebaum I, Rzepecka IK, Salvesen HB, Schwaab I, Severi G, Shen H, Shridhar V, Shu XO, Sieh W, Southey MC, Spellman P, Tajima K, Teo SH, Terry KL, Thompson PJ, Timorek A, Tworoger SS, van Altena AM, van den Berg D, Vergote I, Vierkant RA, Vitonis AF, Wang-Gohrke S, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Wik E, Winterhoff B, Woo YL, Wu AH, Yang HP, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Zulkifli F, Goodman MT, Hall P, Easton DF, Pearce CL, Berchuck A, Chenevix-Trench G, Iversen E, Monteiro AN, Gayther SA, Schildkraut JM, Sellers TA. Nat Genet. 2013 Apr;45(4):362-70.
Free paper available at:

vendredi 19 avril 2013

Press Review (April 20, 2013) – Revue de presse (20 avril 2013)





Cancer survival rates improve but most people remain financially exposed
Medical advance means more people diagnosed with cancer are surviving for longer, according to new figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), but relatively few people have any financial protection in place against the risk of living with reduced earning power.
By Ian Cowie. In Telegraph.co.uk (blog)           

As Cancer Rates Rise in China, Trust Remains Low
Living in China these days, we’re bombarded with scary accounts of rising cancer rates that are partly linked to some of the world’s worst pollution.
By Didi Kirsten Tatlow. In The New York Times      

Pared Back Prostate Cancer Screening May Save Lives
Amid questions about how effective blood-based tests for prostate cancer might be, a new study suggests early screening with the test could identify about half of future deaths from the disease.
By Alexandra Sifferlin. In TIME

Molecule treats leukemia by preventing cancer cell repair
Researchers at The Jackson Laboratory have identified a molecule that prevents repair of some cancer cells, providing a potential new "genetic chemotherapy" approach to cancer treatment that could significantly reduce side effects and the development of treatment resistance compared with traditional chemotherapy.
In Science Daily (press release)                       

Breast Cancer Drugs Urged for Healthy High-Risk Women
Should healthy women take drugs to lower their risk of breast cancer?.
By Denise Grady. In The New York Times       


Researchers abuzz over caffeine as cancer-cell killer
Researchers from the University of Alberta are abuzz after using fruit flies to find new ways of taking advantage of caffeine's lethal effects on cancer cells—results that could one day be used to advance cancer therapies for people
In Medical Xpress                                             

Should Companies Be Able to Patent Genes?
A Utah company maintains it has the rights to two cancer genes it isolated.
By Teresa Welsh. In U.S. News & World Report




CANCER: Quand un Kiss tourne mal
Il s’agit du gène Kiss1, un gène suppresseur de métastases qui aide à prévenir la propagation des cancers, notamment le mélanome et les cancers du pancréas et de l'ovaire. Ces chercheurs de la Western University font la lumière sur ses protéines, les kisspeptides qui inhibent normalement les métastases. Leurs conclusions sont publiées dans la revue Endocrinology.
Dans Santé Log

Gagner la guerre contre le cancer: mais qui est l'ennemi ?
Les efforts pour contrôler et  traiter le cancer sont souvent décrits dans des termes militaires. L'image d'une guerre contre la maladie fut jadis appliquée aux autres "maladies fléau" comme la tuberculose et la syphilis, mais dans ces cas elle se référait à des interventions visant à limiter la propagation d'une infection. La "guerre contre le cancer" est très différente. Il s'agit avant tout d'un combat direct contre "le crabe", présenté comme un ennemi acharné, sournois et cruel. Une utilisation intensive de métaphores militaires est unique au cancer. On parle rarement d'une  guerre contre les accidents vasculaires cérébraux, la maladie de Parkinson, le diabète, les maladies neurodégénératives ou l'emphysème pulmonaire. Les individus qui succombent à ces affections ne le font pas au terme d'une "longue et courageuse bataille", et ceux qui guérissent ou sont stabilisés ne sont pas présentés comme des "survivants" ou des "héros ordinaires". Pour comprendre pourquoi  le cancer est perçu à travers des images militaires, il faudra se pencher sur l'histoire de cette maladie.
Par Ilana Löwy. Dans Le Monde


mercredi 17 avril 2013

Focus: Multiple independent variants at the TERT locus are associated with telomere length and risks of breast and ovarian cancer





Abstract
TERT-locus SNPs and leukocyte telomere measures are reportedly associated with risks of multiple cancers. Using the Illumina custom genotyping array iCOGs, we analyzed 480 SNPs at the TERT locus in breast (n = 103,991), ovarian (n = 39,774) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (n = 11,705) cancer cases and controls. Leukocyte telomere measurements were also available for 53,724 participants. Most associations cluster into three independent peaks. The minor allele at the peak 1 SNP rs2736108 associates with longer telomeres (P = 5.8 × 10(-7)), lower risks for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (P = 1.0 × 10(-8)) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (P = 1.1 × 10(-5)) breast cancers and altered promoter assay signal. The minor allele at the peak 2 SNP rs7705526 associates with longer telomeres (P = 2.3 × 10(-14)), higher risk of low-malignant-potential ovarian cancer (P = 1.3 × 10(-15)) and greater promoter activity. The minor alleles at the peak 3 SNPs rs10069690 and rs2242652 increase ER-negative (P = 1.2 × 10(-12)) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (P = 1.6 × 10(-14)) breast and invasive ovarian (P = 1.3 × 10(-11)) cancer risks but not via altered telomere length. The cancer risk alleles of rs2242652 and rs10069690, respectively, increase silencing and generate a truncated TERT splice variant.

Source: Multiple independent variants at the TERT locus are associated with telomere length and risks of breast and ovarian cancer. Bojesen SE, Pooley KA, Johnatty SE, Beesley J, Michailidou K, Tyrer JP, Edwards SL, Pickett HA, Shen HC, Smart CE, Hillman KM, Mai PL, Lawrenson K, Stutz MD, Lu Y, Karevan R, Woods N, Johnston RL, French JD, Chen X, Weischer M, Nielsen SF, Maranian MJ, Ghoussaini M, Ahmed S, Baynes C, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, McGuffog L, Barrowdale D, Lee A, Healey S, Lush M, Tessier DC, Vincent D, Bacot F; Australian Cancer Study; Australian Ovarian Cancer Study; Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab); Gene Environment Interaction and Breast Cancer (GENICA); Swedish Breast Cancer Study (SWE-BRCA); Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON); Epidemiological study of BRCA1 & BRCA2 Mutation Carriers (EMBRACE); Genetic Modifiers of Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers (GEMO), Vergote I, Lambrechts S, Despierre E, Risch HA, González-Neira A, Rossing MA, Pita G, Doherty JA, Alvarez N, Larson MC, Fridley BL, Schoof N, Chang-Claude J, Cicek MS, Peto J, Kalli KR, Broeks A, Armasu SM, Schmidt MK, Braaf LM, Winterhoff B, Nevanlinna H, Konecny GE, Lambrechts D, Rogmann L, Guénel P, Teoman A, Milne RL, Garcia JJ, Cox A, Shridhar V, Burwinkel B, Marme F, Hein R, Sawyer EJ, Haiman CA, Wang-Gohrke S, Andrulis IL, Moysich KB, Hopper JL, Odunsi K, Lindblom A, Giles GG, Brenner H, Simard J, Lurie G, Fasching PA, Carney ME, Radice P, Wilkens LR, Swerdlow A, Goodman MT, Brauch H, Garcia-Closas M, Hillemanns P, Winqvist R, Dürst M, Devilee P, Runnebaum I, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Mannermaa A, Butzow R, Bogdanova NV, Dörk T, Pelttari LM, Zheng W, Leminen A, Anton-Culver H, Bunker CH, Kristensen V, Ness RB, Muir K, Edwards R, Meindl A, Heitz F, Matsuo K, du Bois A, Wu AH, Harter P, Teo SH, Schwaab I, Shu XO, Blot W, Hosono S, Kang D, Nakanishi T, Hartman M, Yatabe Y, Hamann U, Karlan BY, Sangrajrang S, Kjaer SK, Gaborieau V, Jensen A, Eccles D, Høgdall E, Shen CY, Brown J, Woo YL, Shah M, Azmi MA, Luben R, Omar SZ, Czene K, Vierkant RA, Nordestgaard BG, Flyger H, Vachon C, Olson JE, Wang X, Levine DA, Rudolph A, Weber RP, Flesch-Janys D, Iversen E, Nickels S, Schildkraut JM, Silva Idos S, Cramer DW, Gibson L, Terry KL, Fletcher O, Vitonis AF, van der Schoot CE, Poole EM, Hogervorst FB, Tworoger SS, Liu J, Bandera EV, Li J, Olson SH, Humphreys K, Orlow I, Blomqvist C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Aittomäki K, Salvesen HB, Muranen TA, Wik E, Brouwers B, Krakstad C, Wauters E, Halle MK, Wildiers H, Kiemeney LA, Mulot C, Aben KK, Laurent-Puig P, Altena AM, Truong T, Massuger LF, Benitez J, Pejovic T, Perez JI, Hoatlin M, Zamora MP, Cook LS, Balasubramanian SP, Kelemen LE, Schneeweiss A, Le ND, Sohn C, Brooks-Wilson A, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Cybulski C, Henderson BE, Menkiszak J, Schumacher F, Wentzensen N, Le Marchand L, Yang HP, Mulligan AM, Glendon G, Engelholm SA, Knight JA, Høgdall CK, Apicella C, Gore M, Tsimiklis H, Song H, Southey MC, Jager A, den Ouweland AM, Brown R, Martens JW, Flanagan JM, Kriege M, Paul J, Margolin S, Siddiqui N, Severi G, Whittemore AS, Baglietto L, McGuire V, Stegmaier C, Sieh W, Müller H, Arndt V, Labrèche F, Gao YT, Goldberg MS, Yang G, Dumont M, McLaughlin JR, Hartmann A, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Phelan CM, Lux MP, Permuth-Wey J, Peissel B, Sellers TA, Ficarazzi F, Barile M, Ziogas A, Ashworth A, Gentry-Maharaj A, Jones M, Ramus SJ, Orr N, Menon U, Pearce CL, Brüning T, Pike MC, Ko YD, Lissowska J, Figueroa J, Kupryjanczyk J, Chanock SJ, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Rzepecka IK, Pylkäs K, Bidzinski M, Kauppila S, Hollestelle A, Seynaeve C, Tollenaar RA, Durda K, Jaworska K, Hartikainen JM, Kosma VM, Kataja V, Antonenkova NN, Long J, Shrubsole M, Deming-Halverson S, Lophatananon A, Siriwanarangsan P, Stewart-Brown S, Ditsch N, Lichtner P, Schmutzler RK, Ito H, Iwata H, Tajima K, Tseng CC, Stram DO, van den Berg D, Yip CH, Ikram MK, Teh YC, Cai H, Lu W, Signorello LB, Cai Q, Noh DY, Yoo KY, Miao H, Iau PT, Teo YY, McKay J, Shapiro C, Ademuyiwa F, Fountzilas G, Hsiung CN, Yu JC, Hou MF, Healey CS, Luccarini C, Peock S, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Peterlongo P, Rebbeck TR, Piedmonte M, Singer CF, Friedman E, Thomassen M, Offit K, Hansen TV, Neuhausen SL, Szabo CI, Blanco I, Garber J, Narod SA, Weitzel JN, Montagna M, Olah E, Godwin AK, Yannoukakos D, Goldgar DE, Caldes T, Imyanitov EN, Tihomirova L, Arun BK, Campbell I, Mensenkamp AR, van Asperen CJ, van Roozendaal KE, Meijers-Heijboer H, Collée JM, Oosterwijk JC, Hooning MJ, Rookus MA, van der Luijt RB, Os TA, Evans DG, Frost D, Fineberg E, Barwell J, Walker L, Kennedy MJ, Platte R, Davidson R, Ellis SD, Cole T, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Buecher B, Damiola F, Faivre L, Frenay M, Sinilnikova OM, Caron O, Giraud S, Mazoyer S, Bonadona V, Caux-Moncoutier V, Toloczko-Grabarek A, Gronwald J, Byrski T, Spurdle AB, Bonanni B, Zaffaroni D, Giannini G, Bernard L, Dolcetti R, Manoukian S, Arnold N, Engel C, Deissler H, Rhiem K, Niederacher D, Plendl H, Sutter C, Wappenschmidt B, Borg A, Melin B, Rantala J, Soller M, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Rodriguez GC, Salani R, Kaulich DG, Tea MK, Paluch SS, Laitman Y, Skytte AB, Kruse TA, Jensen UB, Robson M, Gerdes AM, Ejlertsen B, Foretova L, Savage SA, Lester J, Soucy P, Kuchenbaecker KB, Olswold C, Cunningham JM, Slager S, Pankratz VS, Dicks E, Lakhani SR, Couch FJ, Hall P, Monteiro AN, Gayther SA, Pharoah PD, Reddel RR, Goode EL, Greene MH, Easton DF, Berchuck A, Antoniou AC, Chenevix-Trench G, Dunning AM.
Free paper available at:

Recently adopted names for antitumoral compounds (April 2013) - Noms d’antitumoraux adoptés récemment (avril 2013)





Name (nom)
Code name
Type
Target(s)




RG-7420, GDC-0973, XL-518
Synthetic small molecule
MEK

Monoclonal antibody
PDCD1
Reolysin, PO-BB-0209
Oncolytic virus

ralimetinib, ralimetinib mesylate
LY-22288220
Synthetic small molecule
MAPK14





lundi 15 avril 2013

A CONCISE HISTORY OF BREAST CANCER (July 2013)


A CONCISE HISTORY OF BREAST CANCER (July 2013)
Author: Marc Lacroix (InTextoResearch, Baelen, Wallonia, Belgium)
Nova Sciences Publishers
ISBN: 978-1-62618-461-9


Book Description:

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer. It is estimated that breast cancer affects more than 1,000,000 women worldwide each year, and about 450,000 die from the disease. During the last decades, breast cancer has received considerable attention, yet it is a very old disease that was described years and years ago. This book provides a summary of breast cancer history. It covers the ages from the ancient times to the early 2000's, but mainly focuses on the 20th century and its numerous discoveries and inventions in the field of breast cancer detection, analysis and treatment.


Table of Contents

Preface
Chapter 1: From Prehistoric Times to the End of the Middle Ages (Egypt, China, India,          Persia, Greece, Rome, Byzance, Islamic Spain, Middle Ages)
Chapter 2: Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries
Chapter 3: Nineteenth Century

TWENTIETH CENTURY AND BEYOND:
Chapter 4: Breast Cancer Surgery
Chapter 5: Breast Cancer Radiotherapy
Chapter 6: Breast Cancer Chemotherapy (including Combination Chemotherapy, Metronomic            Chemotherapy...)
Chapter 7: Endocrine Therapy of Breast Cancer (including Ovarian Suppressors, Tamoxifen   and Estrogen Receptor Regulators, Aromatase Inhibitors...)
Chapter 8: Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancer (including Immunotherapy)
Chapter 9: Breast Cancer Staging and Grading
Chapter 10: Breast Cancer Genetics (including BRCA1, BRCA2...)
Chapter 11: Breast Cancer Imaging and Detection (including Mammography,  Magnetic         Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasonography, Optical Imaging, Thermography,       Computer Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, Positron Emission          Tomography, PET/CT, Scintigraphy, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography,           SPECT/CT, Scintimammography, BSGI, Elastography, Electrical Impedance          Tomography...)
Chapter 12: Breast Cancer Models (including Mouse Models, Rat Models, Breast Cancer Cell          Lines, Breast Cancer Xenografts, Genetically Engineerd Mice, Mammospheres, Breast        Cancer Stem Cells...)

Books Bibliography



The Author

Born in 1963, Marc Lacroix has been working on breast cancer in several academic institutions and at InTextoResearch, an agency devoted to scientific information on cancer. He authored three books: “Tumor Suppressor Genes in Breast Cancer” (2008), “Molecular Therapy of Breast Cancer: Classicism meets Modernity” (2009), and “MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer” (2010).



Mentioned in the book:
Abulcasis (Abulkassim Al-Zahrawi); Aëtius of Amida; Allen, Edgar;
Allfrey, Vincent; Arderne (John of); Aselli, Gaspare; Astruc, Jean;
Auchincloss, Hugh; Arcamone, Federico; Arnold, Herbert; Avery, Oswald;
Baclesse, François; Bailar, John III; Baillie, Matthew; Banks,
William; Bartholin, Thomas; Beatson, Thomas; Bergonié, Jean; Bichat,
Xavier; Billroth, Theodore; Bishop, John; Bissell, Mina; Bittner,
John; Black, Maurice; Bloodgood, Joseph; Bloom, Julian; Boerhaave,
Hermann; Bonadonna, Gianni; Borst, Max; Bourseaux, Friedrich; Boveri,
Theodor; Boyd, Stanley; Breasted, James; Brenner, Sidney; Broca,
Pierre Paul; Brock, Norbert; Brodie, Angela; Bucalossi, Pietro;
Burney, Fanny; Cabanas, Ramón;
Cáceres, Eduardo; Cade, Stanford; Celsus, Aulus Cornelius; Chauliac
(Gui de); Cheatle, George       ; Cohnheim, Julius; Coley, William; Cooper,
Astley; Cope, Oliver; Cormack, Allan; Cornil, Victor; Crick, Francis;
Crile, George Jr; Cronin, Thomas; Curie, Marie; Curie, Pierre; Cutler,
Max; Czerny, Vinzenz; Dahl-Iversen, Erling; Damadian, Raymond;
Democedes of Croton; Denoix, Pierre; Descartes, René; Despeignes,
Victor; Dodds, Edward; Doisy, Edward; Egan, Robert ; Ehrlich, Paul;
Ellis, Ian; Elston, Christopher; Fallopio, Gabriele; Farber, Sydney;
Firor, Warfield; Fisher, Bernard; Foveau de Courmelles, François;
Franklin, Rosalind; Fraumeni, Joseph; Frei, Emil III; Freireich, Emil;
Galen (Claudius Galenus); Gall, Joseph; Gendron, Claude; Gerow, Frank;
Gershon-Cohen, Jacob; Gillies, Harold; Gilman, Alfred;   Gocht,
Hermann; Godinot, Jean; Goodman, Louis;  Gouvêa, Hilário de; Gray,
Joseph; Greenough, Robert; Greenspan, Ezra; Gros, Charles; Gross,
Samuel; Grubbé, Emil; Guillemeau, Jacques;     Haagensen, Cushman; Haddow,
Alexander; Halsted, William; Hampton, Caroline; Hanau, Arthur;
Handley, Richard; Handley, William; Hansemann, David von; Harvey,
William; Heidelberger, Charles; Heidenhein, Lothar; Heister, Lorenz;
Helvetius, Adrian; Herodotus; Hertz, Roy; Hildanus, Wilhelm Fabricius
(Fabrice of Hilden); Hippocrates of Cos; Hoffman, Edward; Hoffmann,
Friedrich; Holland, James; Hounsfield, Godfrey; Huebner, Robert;
Huggins, Charles; Hungerford, David; Hunter, John; Ingleby, Helen;
Jacob, François; Johansen, Helge; Jordan, Virgil Craig; Kaae, Sigvard;
Keynes, Geoffrey; Knudson, Alfred; Köhler, Georges; Küster, Ernst;
Lacassagne, Antoine; Laënnec, René; Lanfranchi, Guido; Laqueur, Ernst;
Larrey, Dominique-Jean; Lasfargues, Etienne; Lathrop, Abbie;
Lauterbur, Paul; Lawson, Raymond; Leakey, Louis; Lebert, Hermann;
Leborgne, Raúl; Le Doussal, Viviane; Le Dran, Henri-François; Lees,
James; Leonides of Alexandria; Lerner, Leonard; Lett, Hugh; Li,
Frederic; Li, Min Chiu; Lindskog, Gustaf; Lister, Joseph; Loeb, Leo;
Loeser, Alfred; Long, Crawford; Louis, Antoine; Luckhardt, Arno;
MacDonald, Ian; MacLeod, Colin; Manchot, Carl; Mansfield, Peter;
Margottini, Mario; Martynova, RP; McCarty, Maclyn; McWhirter, Robert;
Meselson, Matthew; Meyer, Willie; Milstein, César; Mirsky, Alfred ;
Mondeville (Henri de); Moore, Charles; Morgagni, Giovanni; Morgan,
Thomas; Morton, William; Muller, Hermann; Müller, Johannes; Murley,
Reginald; Mustakallio, Sakari; Neal, Donald; Nordling, Carl; Novinsky,
Mstislav; Nowell, Peter; Nunn, Thomas; Ochsner, Albert; Oribasius;
Osler, William; Ozzello, Luciano; Paget, James; Paget, Stephen;
Pancoast, Joseph; Paracelsus (Phillipus von Hohenheim); Pardue, Mary-
Lou; Paré, Ambroise; Park, Wallace; Pasteur, Louis; Paterson, James;
Patey, David; Paul of Aegina; Pecquet, Jean; Petit, Jean-Louis;
Peyrilhe, Bernard; Pfahler, George; Phelps, Michael; Pinkel, Daniel;
Portmann, Ursus; Pott, Percival; Ramazzini, Bernardino; Récamier,
Joseph; Reid, John; Ribbert, Hugo; Richardson, William; Rigoni-Stern,
Domenico; Rodman, William; Röntgen, Wilhelm; Rudbeck, Olof; Russell,
Marion; Salomon, Albert; Scarff, Robert; Scultetus, Johannes;
Schinzinger, Albert; Severinus, Marcus Aurelius; Sjogren, Tage;
Skipper, Howard; Slamon, Dennis; Smith, Edwin; Stahl, Georges-Ernest;
Stéhelin, Dominique; Steinthal, Karl; Stenbeck, Thor; Stout, Arthur;
Strickler, Albert; Sugarbaker, Everett; Tansini, Iginio; Thackray,
Alan; Thiersch, Karl; Todaro, George; Tribondeau, Louis; Tyzzer,
Ernest; Ulrich, Paul; Urban, Jerome     ; Vallebona, Alessandro; Varmus,
Harold; Velpeau, Alfred; Veronesi, Umberto; Vesalius, Andreas;
Virchow, Rudolph; Volkmann, Richard von; Waldeyer, Wilhelm von;
Wangensteen, Owen; Ward, Roy; Warren, Stafford; Watson, James; Wild,
John; Wilkins, Maurice; Williams, Ivor; Winge, Øjvind; Wise, Leslie;
Winiwarter, Alexander von; Zur Hausen, Harald




vendredi 12 avril 2013

Press Review (April 13, 2013) – Revue de presse (13 avril 2013)





How Seattle Cancer Care Alliance Implemented Washington's Death With Dignity Act
By the end of 2011, most of the 255 Washington residents who received a prescription for lethal medication to end their lives under the state's Death with Dignity Act had been diagnosed with terminal cancer. Of those, 40 were patients at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, part of the Pacific Northwest's only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center.
In Science Daily                                                

Alcohol Doesn't Affect Ability to Survive Breast Cancer
Breast cancer patients who raised a glass or two a week may even enjoy slightly longer lives than those who didn’t drink.
By Alexandra Sifferlin. In TIME                          

Endometriosis treatments lower ovarian cancer risk
A novel study shows women who undergo surgical treatment for endometriosis have a lower risk of developing ovarian cancer. According to results published in Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, a journal of the Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology, hormonal treatments for endometriosis did not lower ovarian cancer risk.
In EurekAlert (press release)


Naturally-Occurring Substance Proves Effective Against Deadly Skin Cancer in Test Tube and Mice Studies
For the first time, scientists have demonstrated the mechanism of action of gossypin, a naturally-occurring substance found in fruits and vegetables, as a treatment for melanoma, which causes the majority of deaths from skin cancer.
In Science Daily (press release)                       

Researchers Engineer 'Protein Switch' to Dissect Role of Cancer's Key Players
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine have "rationally rewired" some of the cell's smallest components to create proteins that can be switched on or off by command. These "protein switches" can be used to interrogate the inner workings of each cell, helping scientists uncover the molecular mechanisms of human health and disease.
In Science Daily (press release)                       

Some Skin Cancer Survivors Still Use Tanning Beds
Say it isn’t so. A recent survey found that even people who have survived melanoma — the deadliest form of skin cancer — fail to protect themselves from the sun, and even continue to tan.
By Alexandra Sifferlin. In TIME                          

AACR news: Studies show increasing evidence that androgen drives breast cancer
Overwhelming evidence adds a major new target in breast cancer: Androgens including testosterone.
In EurekAlert (press release)




Bisphénol A et cancer : les preuves s'accumulent
Rarement – jamais peut-être – une agence de sécurité sanitaire aura rendu des conclusions aussi alarmantes sur un polluant à ce point omniprésent dans notre environnement quotidien. Au terme d'un travail de longue haleine ayant rassemblé les contributions d'une centaine de scientifiques, l'Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (Anses) a rendu public, mardi 9 avril, un avis sur le bisphénol A (BPA) singulièrement inquiétant pour les générations à venir.
Par Paul Benkimoun et Stéphane Foucart. Dans Le Monde

Cancer : un Canadien de 16 ans optimise un traitement pour tuer les cellules malades
Un étudiant canadien de 16 ans, Arjun Nair, a obtenu un prix des laboratoires Sanofi pour ses recherches sur une thérapie anticancéreuse. Le jeune homme a optimisé la thérapie de la photothermie en utilisant des nanoparticules d'or chauffées qui tuent les cellules cancéreuses
By Emmanuel Perrin. Dans Maxisciences

CANCER de la PROSTATE: Identification du premier facteur génétique de pronostic
Des chercheurs du Centre national de recherche en Oncologie espagnol (CNIO) viennent d’identifier des mutations héréditaires dans le gène BRCA2 qui prédisposent les patients atteints de cancer de la prostate à un risque accru de métastases et à un pronostic dégradé.
Dans Santé Log

En bref : pourra-t-on traiter le cancer sans effets secondaires ?
Les méthodes de traitement actuelles du cancer entraînent souvent de lourds effets secondaires. En améliorant une ancienne technologie par radiation appelée BNCT, une équipe de recherche a mis au point une méthode de soin ciblant seulement les cellules cancéreuses.
Par Agnès Roux. Dans Futura Sciences

Risque de cancer avec un médicament très utilisé contre l'arythmie cardiaque
L'amiodarone, un traitement très utilisé contre l'arythmie cardiaque, accroîtrait le risque de cancer, surtout chez les hommes ainsi que chez tous les patients prenant de fortes doses, selon une étude publiée dans la dernière édition de la revue américaine Cancer.
Dans AFP