Focus: p53, a target of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, modulates DNA damage-induced growth suppression in ER-positive breast cancer cells

            In response to genotoxic stress, the p53 tumor suppressor induces target genes for cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA repair. Although p53 is the most commonly mutated gene in all human cancers, it is only mutated in about 20% of breast cancers. 70% of all breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor positive (ER-positive) and express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). ER-positive breast cancer generally indicates good patient prognosis and treatment responsiveness with anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen. However, ER-positive breast cancer patients can experience loss or a reduction in ERα, which is associated with aggressive tumor growth, increased invasiveness, poor prognosis, and loss of p53 function. Consistent with this, we found that p53 is a target gene of ERα. Specifically, we found that knockdown of ERα decreases expression of p53 and its downstream target genes, MDM2 and p21. In addition, we found that ERα activates p53 transcription via binding to ERE half-sites within the p53 promoter. Moreover, we found that loss of ERα desensitizes, whereas ectopic expression of ERα sensitizes, breast cancer cells to DNA damage-induced growth suppression in a p53-dependent manner. Together, this study provides an insight into a feedback loop between ERα and p53 and a biological role of p53 in the DNA damage response in ER-positive breast cancers.

Source: p53, a target of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, modulates DNA damage-induced growth suppression in ER-positive breast cancer cells. Berger CE, Qian Y, Liu G, Chen H (xbchen@ucdavis.edu), J Biol Chem. 2012 Jul 11.

Free paper available at:

http://www.jbc.org/content/early/2012/07/11/jbc.M112.367326.long